Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common but serious condition that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Often called the “silent killer” because it may not present noticeable symptoms, hypertension affects millions of people worldwide and can go undetected for years if not regularly monitored.
Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: systolic (pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic (pressure when the heart rests between beats). A reading consistently above 130/80 mmHg is considered high. While occasional spikes can occur due to stress or activity, chronic hypertension requires medical attention.
There are two main types of hypertension: primary (essential) hypertension, which has no identifiable cause and develops over time, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by underlying conditions such as kidney disease or hormonal disorders. Risk factors include age, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and a family history of high blood pressure.
Treatment begins with lifestyle modifications. A heart-healthy diet, such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, low in sodium and rich in fruits and vegetables, is often recommended. Regular physical activity, weight loss, stress reduction, and limiting alcohol and caffeine intake can also make a significant difference.
When lifestyle changes are not enough, medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed. It’s important to take these medications exactly as directed and have regular check-ups to monitor blood pressure and manage any side effects.
Managing hypertension is a lifelong commitment. With awareness, consistent monitoring, and a proactive approach to health, many people are able to keep their blood pressure within a normal range and reduce the risk of complications
