Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hands and wrists, causing pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm, becomes compressed as it passes through the narrow carpal tunnel in the wrist. This compression can lead to discomfort and difficulty performing everyday tasks like typing, gripping objects, or even holding a phone.
Several factors contribute to the development of CTS. Repetitive hand movements, such as typing, using a mouse, or manual labor, can put strain on the wrist. Other risk factors include wrist injuries, pregnancy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism. People who perform tasks that require prolonged wrist flexion or excessive hand use are more likely to experience symptoms.
The symptoms of CTS often start gradually, with numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Many people notice discomfort at night, which can wake them up from sleep. As the condition progresses, symptoms may worsen, leading to hand weakness, difficulty gripping objects, and a feeling of clumsiness. In severe cases, muscle wasting at the base of the thumb can occur, making fine motor skills challenging.
Early intervention is key to preventing permanent nerve damage. Mild to moderate cases of CTS can often be managed with wrist splints, especially when worn at night to keep the wrist in a neutral position. Taking breaks from repetitive activities, stretching the hands and wrists, and practicing good ergonomics—such as using a proper keyboard setup—can help alleviate symptoms.
For pain relief, anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, can reduce swelling. Cold packs may also help numb the pain and decrease inflammation. Some individuals find relief through hand exercises, physical therapy, and nerve gliding techniques designed to improve nerve function. Adjusting work habits, such as using an ergonomic keyboard or voice-to-text software, can reduce strain on the wrists.
If conservative treatments do not improve symptoms, corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce swelling around the median nerve. In severe or persistent cases, carpal tunnel release surgery may be necessary. This procedure involves cutting the ligament that forms the top of the carpal tunnel, relieving pressure on the median nerve and restoring normal function.
Preventing CTS involves maintaining good wrist posture, stretching regularly, and avoiding prolonged repetitive movements without breaks. Strengthening the hands and forearms can also help support the wrist and reduce the risk of nerve compression. With proper management, individuals with CTS can reduce symptoms, prevent further complications, and maintain normal hand function for daily activities.
