Sleep apnea is a serious but often overlooked sleep disorder that can have significant impacts on your health, energy levels, and overall quality of life. Despite affecting millions of people worldwide, many cases go undiagnosed simply because people aren’t aware of the symptoms.
In this article, we’ll cover the most common signs of sleep apnea, how it affects the body, and what steps to take if you suspect you have it.
What is Sleep Apnea?
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. These pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes and may occur dozens or even hundreds of times per night.
The three main types are:
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) – the most common form, caused by a physical blockage of the airway.
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Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) – occurs when the brain fails to send proper signals to muscles that control breathing.
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Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome – a combination of OSA and CSA.
Why Sleep Apnea is Dangerous
When untreated, sleep apnea increases your risk of:
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High blood pressure
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Heart disease and stroke
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Type 2 diabetes
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Depression and anxiety
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Impaired concentration and memory
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Daytime accidents (e.g., car crashes)
Top Signs You Might Have Sleep Apnea
1. Loud, Persistent Snoring
While not everyone who snores has sleep apnea, most people with OSA snore loudly and frequently—often noticed by a partner or family member.
Red Flag: Snoring punctuated by gasps, choking sounds, or silent pauses.
2. Gasping or Choking During Sleep
People with sleep apnea often wake suddenly, feeling like they’re gasping for air. This is a clear sign your breathing was interrupted.
Tip: You may not remember it, but your partner might observe it.
3. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
Constant fatigue, even after a full night’s sleep, can indicate poor sleep quality due to breathing interruptions.
Look for: Dozing off during meetings, while watching TV, or even while driving.
4. Morning Headaches
Low oxygen levels and sleep disruptions during the night can cause blood vessels in the brain to dilate, leading to morning headaches.
5. Dry Mouth or Sore Throat in the Morning
Breathing through your mouth all night—common in sleep apnea—can leave you waking up with a dry mouth or throat.
6. Difficulty Concentrating or Forgetfulness
Cognitive issues such as memory lapses, trouble focusing, or brain fog are common in people with untreated sleep apnea.
7. Mood Changes or Irritability
Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and even depression.
8. Waking Up Frequently to Urinate (Nocturia)
Waking multiple times during the night to urinate is surprisingly common in people with sleep apnea.
9. Decreased Libido or Erectile Dysfunction
Sleep apnea can lower testosterone levels and affect sexual health in both men and women.
10. Insomnia or Restless Sleep
Though many people with sleep apnea are unaware of their awakenings, some report difficulty falling or staying asleep, frequent tossing and turning, or a feeling of unrestful sleep.
11. Observed Breathing Pauses During Sleep
This is one of the most telling signs. If someone observes you stopping breathing during sleep, it’s crucial to get evaluated immediately.
Who Is at Risk?
Anyone can develop sleep apnea, but certain factors increase the risk:
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Being overweight or obese
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Having a large neck circumference
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Being male (though women are also at risk, especially post-menopause)
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Age 40+
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Family history of sleep apnea
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Smoking and alcohol use
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Nasal congestion or anatomical issues (deviated septum, enlarged tonsils)
How Sleep Apnea is Diagnosed
If you suspect sleep apnea, the first step is a consultation with a sleep specialist. Diagnosis may involve:
1. Sleep Study (Polysomnography)
Conducted in a sleep lab, this monitors brain activity, breathing, oxygen levels, heart rate, and more during sleep.
2. Home Sleep Apnea Test
A simplified version you use at home that measures airflow, oxygen levels, and breathing effort.
Treatment Options
Treatments depend on the severity and type of sleep apnea. Common options include:
1. CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
The most common and effective treatment for OSA. It delivers air pressure through a mask to keep your airway open.
2. Oral Appliances
Custom-fitted devices worn during sleep to reposition the jaw and tongue, keeping the airway open.
3. Lifestyle Changes
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Weight loss
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Avoiding alcohol and sedatives
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Sleeping on your side
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Quitting smoking
4. Surgery
In some cases, surgery to remove tissue or correct anatomical issues may be necessary.
When to See a Doctor
You should seek medical attention immediately if:
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You have several symptoms of sleep apnea
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Your partner notices you stop breathing during sleep
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You experience extreme daytime fatigue or memory issues
Ignoring sleep apnea can lead to serious health complications—early diagnosis and treatment can dramatically improve your life.
Final Thoughts
Sleep apnea is far more than just snoring—it’s a serious health issue that can quietly steal your energy, focus, and well-being. If you’re experiencing any of the signs listed above, don’t ignore them. The good news is that sleep apnea is highly treatable, and getting the right diagnosis could be the key to finally getting the restful sleep your body needs.
